Ice in Dantes Inferno free essay sample

An investigation of the representative importance of ice in the sonnet. This paper investigates the emblematic significance of ice and the ideas of Hell and Satan in Dantes 'Inferno'. The characteristics of ice are analyzed against numerous models from the content. 'Dantes Inferno depicts a frigid hellfire; the closer the Poets travel towards Satans nest, the icier Hell turns out to be, actually and allegorically. Ice frames genuinely without the warm solace of the sun; it is an image of winter. At the point when Dante plunges with Virgil into the degrees of Hell, they travel through Circles that winding farther and farther from the wellspring of physical and otherworldly warmth, the sun. In the Second Circle of Hell, Dante as of now alludes to 'the virus season,' (Canto V, 41). Winter sees days short, daylight scant and important. At the point when evening time rules do as well, cold and ice. Characteristics of ice, for example, frigidity, hardness, and uneasiness are obvious in the Third Circle: 'In the third circle am I of the downpour/Eternal, maledict, and cold, and substantial; Its law and quality are rarely new,' (Canto VI, 7-9)'

The Fukushima Daiichi disaster and the future implications for Research Paper

The Fukushima Daiichi fiasco and the future ramifications for building new atomic force plants in the United States - Research Paper Example The cataclysm was seen to have occurred in the eastern coast, Tohoku in Japan. The serious tremors of the shudder were competent at Fukushima too (American Nuclear Society, 2012). The previously mentioned calamity was later found to have essentially influenced the ‘nuclear power station’ or rather the atomic plant that is arranged at Fukushima Daiichi in Japan. This debacle was accepted to have set off the most broad discharge of radioactivity rather than the Chernobyl disaster that occurred in 1986. This specific radioactivity discharge was viewed as significantly shoddier than the case or catastrophe of Three Mile Island that occurred in 1979 in the United States. Notwithstanding, the event of Fukushima Daiichi was considered to vary from the expressed occurrences of Chernobyl and Three Mile Island as the destruction that happened at Fukushima was figured out how to be activated inferable from normal catastrophes which was a monstrous seismic tremor pursued by tidal wa ve. The release of the radioactive gases was viewed as a result of the cataclysmic event as opposed to any breakdown with respect to the types of gear and even precluded any odds of human deficiencies. The torrent was estimated to have cracked the frameworks that helped in giving reinforcement force and which were required for the explanation of chilling off the reactors that were available in the positive plant. The breakdowns of the reinforcement frameworks therefore caused an enormous number of those reactors to experience hydrogen blasts, fuel liquefying and at last radioactive discharges (Holt, Campbell, and Nikitin, 2012). The paper will expect to concentrate on the current circumstance of the setback that happened at Fukushima Daiichi alongside giving an understanding into the different approaches or stands taken by the US after this occurrence. The Accident at Fukushima Daiichi in Japan The seismic tremor that occurred in March, 2011 in the eastern shore of the island Honshu in Japan brought about starting a mechanical shutdown of around eleven atomic plants out of fifty five. Larger part of the shutdowns were found to have continued with no sort of further occasions. Nonetheless, the Fukushima and the Onagwa atomic plants were seen as the ones that were firmly situated towards the focal point inferable from which extreme harms were endured by those plants. The plant at Fukushima Daiichi, because of the seismic tremor, went with the tidal wave experienced hydrogen upheavals and grave harms according to atomic fuel which set off the release of an essential amount of radioactive components in the general condition (Holt, Campbell, and Nikitin, 2012). The pollution of the general condition, with the radioactive components that began from the plants, constrained the moving out of networks from the nearby or the neighboring regions till 25 miles. The strong move out of the networks brought about upsetting the ordinary existence of around 100,000 inhabitants , greater part of whom were accepted to stay prohibited from getting to their particular homes for an uncertain period. The clearing exercises made in this setting are considered to have checked the level of radiation introduction as to the concerned populace from outperforming the Japanese dictator limits in larger part of the occurrences. In any case, the results of the introduction to the radioactive gases with respect to the occupants were estimated not to be very grave. Future passings just as

Brain Protein Linked to Alcohol-Seeking Behavior

Brain Protein Linked to Alcohol-Seeking Behavior Addiction Alcohol Use Print Brain Protein Linked to Alcohol-Seeking Behavior Brain Protein Regulates Alcohol-Seeking Behavior and Sensitivity By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 08, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 05, 2019 Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Researchers have linked a protein found in the brain to both alcohol-seeking behavior and the sensitivity to the effects of alcohol intoxication. Researchers at the University of Washington report the first direct evidence in mice that protein kinase A (PKA) signaling regulates both alcohol-seeking behavior and sensitivity to some of the effects of alcohol intoxication, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Altered Response Given a choice between plain water and solutions containing alcohol, mice missing the RIIB subunit of PKA preferred the alcohol solution at its highest strengths. In addition, the gene knockout mice were less sensitive than those with normal PKA to alcohol’s sedative effects. A protein involved in intracellular communication, PKA is present throughout the brain. PKA phosphorylates numerous intracellular proteins and regulates gene expression, thereby altering the electrical properties of the cell and, potentially, cell function and communication between neurons. Mice missing RIIB, one of six genes that encode PKA, experience alterations in PKA activity, a condition the researchers believe alters their response to the pharmacologic properties of alcohol. Regulating Alcohol Consumption Earlier research in both laboratory cultures and animals indicated that alcohol consumption influences PKA function, said Enoch Gordis, M.D., Director of NIAAA, which provided primary support for the study. What is new about this work is the reverse â€" that, at least in the animal model, PKA can regulate alcohol consumption and some aspects of alcohol response. Todd Thiele, Ph.D., Department of Psychology and the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, and his colleagues examined drinking behavior in 12 normal mice and 12 knockout mice with a mutation in the RIIb subunit of PKA. Whereas no differences were found between the two groups in taste preference for sweet or bitter solutions, mice with the PKA mutation drank nearly twice as much 20-percent alcohol solution as normal mice. Sedative Effects The researchers also measured the time needed for intoxicated mice to regain the righting reflex. They injected both groups of mice with alcohol and then placed them on their backs in plastic U-shaped troughs. Knockout mice recovered much faster from the sedative effects of alcohol, regaining their footing after 65 minutes compared with 90 minutes for the normal mice. It is likely that the mice with the RIIB mutation drink more ethanol because PKA activity is disrupted in brain regions involved in mediating ethanol reward, said Dr. Thiele. It is now important to determine in which brain regions the RIIB subunit produces these effects.

Modern Food During The Medieval Era - 1331 Words

Food is an essential need in order to survive. Medieval food took a turn during the Middle Ages. Different foods were put in groups to be consumed according to the social rank of individuals. Noble’s diets would be unquestionably different than the peasants. Religion also played a significant role on food during the Medieval Times. People celebrated large banquets and feasts during this Era. During the Medieval Era, there was a difference in food that was consumed by the rich and poor. The diet of the rich and the poor was not considered healthy and balanced. Rich individuals were called nobles or royalty. The quality of food that was ingested by the rich and poor differed significantly. If you were considered royalty, ingredients such as spices, sweet foods, and sugar was available to you. Upper and lower classes both ate three meals a day. The upper class’s food would be served from silverware and gold dishes. Here in the United States, liquid food is generally eaten with spoons, but people during medieval times drank liquid food from cups. Expensive spices such as pepper, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, ginger and so on was put in most of the food consumed by the Upper class. The nobles drank a variety of wines. The poor were called peasants. Peasants had to eat food that came from the ground; these vegetables consisted of cabbage, beets, onions, garlic, and carrots. Their diet was mainly bread, pottage, and dairy products. Peasants consumed many carbohydrates daily. TheseShow MoreRelatedThe Medieval Machine : The Industrial Revolution Of The Middle Ages1377 Words   |  6 Pages The Medieval world has a certain connotation to its meaning. People throughout time have found the era synonymous with negativity. It has often been referenced to as the middle or dark ages lending people the view of a world with little to no progress along human advancement. We often paint the picture of medieval Europe with kings, queens, lords and peasants. We also immediately thing of the bubonic plague that wiped out almost a third of the European population at the time. However, there areRead MoreThe Era Of The Middle Ages1666 Words   |  7 Pagessituated with the name of The Middle Ages. As these people lived within the lowest social class, their lives were filled with many mishaps. During this era of history, servants had a heavy load on their shoulders--many goods were to be crafted, while diligent peasants were off planting crops and doing such drudgery for their lord while being fed with the least costly foods, and there was a variety of fabrics and styles to be seen. Without question, the life servants lived in the village was painstakingRead MoreThe Surgical Practices Of Modern Western Medicine855 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the surgical practices of modern western medicine can easily be traced back to the crusader interaction with the Arabs. The fact that Al-Zahrawi’s work is still even the slightest bit relevant to modern western surgical practices is evidence of this. It can be said that if the crusades not happened, then western surgical practices could have remained stagnant and inferior to the practices throughout the rest of the world. The hospital system throughout early medieval Europe was heavily dependentRead MoreComparing and Contrasting the Role of Women during the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages1564 Words   |  7 PagesPart A: Plan of Investigation This investigation strives to compare and contrast of the role of women during the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages. The inquiry is significant because in order to understand the culture and ethics of the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages it is crucial to understand the importance of women. The issues that will be addressed include: the role of women in the Roman Empire, the role of women in the Middle Ages, and the similarities as well as the differences of the two majorRead MoreThe Medieval Machine by Jean Gimpel600 Words   |  3 Pages The Medieval Machine by Jean Gimpel, shows information about the technological accomplishments of the middle Ages. The basic idea is that during the two centuries from around 1050 Western Europe went through a kind of industrial revolution that was just as important as of the nineteenth century’s. In his book Jean Gimpel goes over medieval primary industry, which includes energy sources like the creation of mills that were moved by wind power or by water. In these cases, the turningRead MoreComparing Military Medicines Of Ancient Rome And Medieval And Renaissance1284 Words   |  6 Pages When comparing military medicines of Ancient Rome and Medieval and Renaissance, a soldier in Ancient Rome had a better chance of surviving injuries than a soldier in later eras. Due to Ancient Rome’s outstanding medical innovations, their hygienic practices, precise surgeries and medicines. When discussing about ancient times a general assumption would be that people back then didn’t live a sanity life, especially soldiers due to them being in various battles and being afflicted withRead MoreThe Medieval, Catholic Roots Of The Elizabethan Era1292 Words   |  6 Pagesideology developed before the Elizabethan Era, and was supported by the people of Catholic religion. The Elizabethan Era took place from 1558 to 1603, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, in England (Manteo). Before the era had taken place, the Roman Catholics believed in a ranking system for every part of the universe, and believed each part of the universe held a specific position in the world and carried out functions according to its part. (â€Å"The Medieval, Catholic Roots of the Elizabethan WorldRead MoreThe House of Wisdom and its Contribution to the Preservation of Knowledge1720 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough time. The area of research will be focused during the time of the Islamic G olden Age, 750-1258, and in the city of Baghdad, where the House of Wisdom flourished. A method that will be used during this investigation is the examination of academic discoveries made during the Golden Age of the vast library, with the use of the article â€Å"Abbasid Caliphate: The Abbasids: Patrons of the Islamic Golden Age, In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras† by Nancy Stockdale. Word Count: 177 the creationRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Elizabethan Era1304 Words   |  6 Pagesideology developed before the Elizabethan Era, and was supported by the people of Catholic religion. The Elizabethan Era took place from 1558 to 1603, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, in England (Manteo). Before the era had taken place, the Roman Catholics believed in a ranking system for every part of the universe, and believed each part of the universe held a specific position in the world and carried out functions according to its part. (â€Å"The Medieval, Catholic Roots of the Elizabethan WorldRead MoreEssay about ITW1 Task 1 1121304 Words   |  6 PagesThis was a very significant period for Greek art. Before this time, art lacked dimension and intensity, but the onset of the classical period brought with it influential architecture, vase paintings and sculptures, giving life to its subjects. Many modern day artists draw their creative influence from the classical art period. Athens conquered the Persia in 479 B.C. and began dominating Greece politically, economically, and culturally.† The Athenians organized allies to ensure the freedom of the

A Folk Group, By Martha C. Sims And Martine Stephens

A folk group, according to Martha C. Sims and Martine Stephens, in Living Folklore: An Introduction to the Study of People and Their Traditions is described as †Families, friends, co-workers and others all are groups based on common interests and experiences† (300). A folk group that everyone is born into is their family. Familial folk groups can share values, beliefs and anecdotes, similar to other folk groups (39). However, unlike other folk groups, one does not choose their family. This leaves some people, like myself, to question their belonging within this folk group. Although I share some beliefs with my family, we disagree on others many others. The many differences between me and my family leads me to feel as if I have one foot in my folk group and another outside. The internal conflict about my sense of belonging has forced me to make decisions that have contributed to the creation of my individual identity. My family consists of myself, my father, my mother and my younger brother. While my mother and brother are rambunctious, my father and I te nd to be more laid back. My dad practices Roman Catholicism, while my mother leads a secular life. While I went to a private, Catholic school my entire life before LSMSA, my brother goes to public school. My father and I are early risers, while my brother and mom like to sleep late. As my family seems to only exist on opposite extremes, there is a lot of middle ground for me to choose where I stand. This choice and myShow MoreRelatedBreaking the Disney Spell2039 Words   |  9 PagesDisney failed to recognize the original creators of the stories that made him so popular: the folk. Historically, fairy tales were told amongst people that historians and folklorists refer to as the folk. That is, the stories were shared orally, in what is commonly referred to as sacred space (Curry). Fairy tales were not intended to be read alone, in silence. Rather, they were created to be shared in a group of people, and, while fairy tales were saturated with meaning, that meaning could vary based

Venture Capital Funding Essay Free Essays

The determinants of Venture Capital Funding: Performance of US Venture Capital Firms against European VCs Problem Statement: Over the last decade, many researchers have praised the influence of Venture Capital (VC) as a key driver of entrepreneurism, start-ups, innovation and economic growth (Da Rin et al., 2006; Cumming, 2014). VC has long been studied and observed in the United States, it is for these positive reasons that the EU have outlined the development of VC as a major policy priority (EVCA, 2001). We will write a custom essay sample on Venture Capital Funding Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is only within the last 20 years that the European Market has moved from being perceived as an â€Å"emerging market† in terms of VC, and that even by the start of the 21st Century, the aggregated investment volume was ˆ12 billion which was less than 25% of the American investment volume at that time (Hege et al., 2003; EVCA, 2001). Due to the relatively recent development of VC in Europe, there is a large gap in the existing research as to the effectiveness and influences of VC in Europe. Certainly Popov Roosenboom, (2013) bemoan the fact that the majority of existing research into venture capital typically focuses its attention on the United States. Thus, there is a real shortage of effective empirical studies into the behaviours and qualities of European VC. Jeng and Wells (2000) support this view, explaining that factors such as the contracting, organisation of VC firms, exit decisions, and â€Å"the peculiarities of Europe† are not fully understood, nor ha s the features that European markets share with American ones have not been made in strong detail. Thus, this dissertation will provide a comparative study into the American VCs and European VCs. This micro-level study will to address the gap in existing research of the rate of return for VC in the US and the EU, possible the most influential emerging markets for venture financing. Purpose Statement: This research will look to examine the performance of US venture capital firms against European venture capital firms to identify whether a gap exists between the two groups and to determine whether European VCs ca improve the rates of return from total investment based on funding frequency and other variables. The main objectives of this dissertation are: To determine if there is a gap in the levels of performance amongst American VC and European VC paying particular attention to the type of exit and rate of return. To explore whether any gap could be the result of major differences in the contractual relationship between VCs and startups in these regions or from the use of key tools that assert an active role of VCs in the process of value creation. To identify any relevant policy determinants including regional tax, investment protection/treaty, Intellectual property rights, and financial regulation. To determine whether US VCs have better screening skills than European VCs and whether this produces a higher degree of turning initial investments and funding frequency into successful ventures. Importance of the Study This research looks to address the gap in the existing research into the emergence of VC in European markets, and looks to benchmark this against VCs in the United States. Researchers, data providers, and trade associations have all observed the notable gap in existing research into VC in Europe (Da Rin et al., 2006; Cumming, 2014). Trade associations have even pointed to this gap in understanding as a primary factor that causes them to hesitate with early-stage financing. This dissertation study will also be significant as it will look to provide a critical, microeconomic analysis of the main drivers and influence of successful VCs in America and observe these against VCs in Europe, exploring contractual features and firm characteristics to define and quantify the determinants of VC returns. This will look to address the gap in existing research in the European VC sector and provide a greater understanding of VCs in Europe. Proposed Research Method A combination of quantitate and qualitative research tools will be used to complete this study. Research data will be found using a range of sources, including the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmen (OECD) and other key institutions with data on several policy factors. These data sources will provide information on an expansive range of portfolio organizations, key investments and valuations. Quantitative data analysis will be completed using the statistical package software SPSS. The statistical package software benefits the cleaning and transformation of the data. Following the completion of the data collection stage, the researcher will analyse the raw data and assemble the results into a data matrix. This data matrix with contain the details of the study with key information sorted into columns, variable and values. The data matrix will then be used for statistical calculations and used for the analysis of the results. This dataset will allows the researcher to study organisation’s performance in terms of Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the investment amongst the initial investment to the final value of the firm. This study will also aim to quantify the influence of VCs on project profitability in Europe and compare this to the United states. A valuation-based measure of the rate of return will be used to examine the characteristics of European VCs against US VCs. independent variables to be studied will include age (the time elapsed since the VC raised the first fund), Regional (does the VC only invest in their own country), Companies (the number of companies in the VCs portfolio), Duration (the average investment duration in years), and, finally, the taxation policies of the US and Europe. The following equation will be used to calculate estimated values (V1) for the first stage valuation for all European organizations: Qi = V1i=I1i. Here Qi represents the initial value for company, whereas i is the multiple of the initial investment. The average Qj ratio will be determined of all selected studies. Research Hypotheses The research will also use the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: European VCs performance is positively correlated with the rate of return of the investment between the initial investment and the final valuation of the project/firm. Hypothesis 2: increased continuity of VCs engenders a stronger relationship which reduces barriers to financing and will increase returns. Hypothesis 3: European Venture-backed companies could benefit from the presence of alternative investments besides independent VCs. References Black, B. S., Gilson, R. J. (1998) ‘Venture capital and the structure of capital markets: banks versus stock markets, Journal of Financial Economics, 47, pp. 243-277. Cumming, D. (2014) Public economics gone wild: Lessons from venture capital, International Review of Financial Analysis, 36, pp. 251-260. Da Rin, M., Nicodano, G., Sembenelli, A. (2006) ‘Public Policy and the reaction of active venture capital markets’, in Journal of Public Economics, 90, pp. 1699-1723. EVCA (2001) A Survey of Private Equity and Venture Capital in Europe, Yearbook 2001 Green, J. (2004) â€Å"Venture capital at a new crossroads†, Journal of Management Development, 23(10), pp. 972 – 976. Hege, U., Palomino, F., Schwienbacher, A. (2003) Determinants of Venture Capital Performance: Europe and the United States, LSE Working Paper, 1, pp. 1-40. Jeng, L. A., Wells, P. C. (2000) ‘The determinants of venture capital funding: evidence across countries’, Journal of Corporate Finance, 6, pp. 241-289. Popov, A., Roosenboom, P. (2013) ‘Venture Capital and New Business Creation’, Journal of Banking Finance, 37, pp. 4695-4710. How to cite Venture Capital Funding Essay, Essay examples

SWOT analysis Air Arabia Company and IKEA

SWOT analysis This is the abbreviation that stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. It is a tool that is used in determining the core areas of competencies in a business organization at a given time. It is used in the process of auditing market situation hence helps in identifying key issues that requires attention. Swot is one of the fast analytical approaches that reveal various issues that need intelligent approach.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on SWOT analysis: Air Arabia Company and IKEA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It involves scrutinizing the marketing structure that surrounds the organization. Valentin (2001) said that the SWOT analysis involves searching for insights into ways of realizing the desired solutions. The SWOT analysis is no doubt a valuable tool in the field of business strategy because it makes it possible for decision makers to consider important aspects of their o rganization’s environment and helps them organize their thoughts (Valentin, 2001, pp 54-68). The main objective of SWOT analysis is that it helps in identifying the internal and external factors that are core to the performance of the company. The internal factors are the strengths and weaknesses while the external factors are the opportunities and threats from the external environment. Internal factors focuses on the organization itself, the employees, capital structure, assets, how the market is organized, core competencies, the product lines, what the company manufactures and is capable of doing. The external factors on the other hand comprises of both direct and indirect forces. The direct forces are the competitors, suppliers and the clients while the indirect forces comprise the economic, social and political factors (Matt, 2010, pp 1-36). Introduction Air Arabia was set up in 2003 and is one of the airline company’s operating from Sharjah airport in Saudi Arabia . It has nine planes that fly to different destinations across the Middle East, South and Central Asia and some parts of Africa. It is one of low cost carriers which offer only economy travel cabins. The company recorded a revenue growth of 27.4% between 2007 and 2010 which produced a net income of 22.8%. The company has extended its operations to meet the local needs by distributing tickets through their sale shops alongside currency exchange bureaus (EFG-Hermes UAE, 2007, pp 2-39). Strengths The airline boast of some key strength that is rare with most of the companies, its management structure is not that big and comprises of experienced team, it has a well established tie with the base where it operates which is Sharjah Airport. The airport is located close to Dubai which is a good business centre. The company enjoys first mover advantage because of its low cost and hence faces low competition. They offer online bookings and no-frill services at low costs, the low prices is what makes clients from different sectors to use Arab Air, they also offer complementary services such as air cargo services (EFG-Hermes UAE, 2007, pp 2-39).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities The opportunities that the company enjoys are the extension of its Sharjah hub by purchasing new aircraft. There is also the plan to develop some operations that supports the airline like the hanger for maintenance and constructing a hotel to accommodate the clients. The rapid economic and population growth offers a good customer base in the Air travel, there is also tremendous growth in the tourism sector which is a further boost to Air travel (EFG-Hermes UAE, 2007, pp 2-39). Weaknesses Arab Air has low number of aircrafts that do not fully satisfy the huge customer base it commands. It is currently operating on nine aircrafts but has since planned to increase the number to th irty four by the year 2015. This puts the company in a low situation when it comes to dynamic response. The company still depends on the short haul routes and uses a single type of Air craft, airbus A320. This means that any small interference to its operations could adversely affect its income. This is contrary to other air lines that offer multiple aircraft types with classes of travel of the passenger’s choice. The air line still do not own any ground handling service, but as per now is planning to enter into a joint venture with Sharjah Airport Authority to improve on these services (EFG-Hermes UAE, 2007, pp 2-39). Threats The company faces some threats that it must contend with, one of them is more rapid development that is expected on the market sector that has not been utilized for quite long. This comes as a result of the expected higher economic growth. There is also the global economic downturn that might affect its operations due to increase in fuel prices. The com pany faces very stiff competition from other airlines, the delivery of the airplanes it hopes to acquire might delay, not forgetting the challenge it might get during the roll-out of the company’s brand. The Middle East records the lowest rates of e-ticket usage despite the region being at the fore front in the air travel growth; this presents Air Arabia with some instances of low potential in travel (EFG-Hermes UAE, 2007, pp 2-39). Similarities Both companies have a plan to utilize the website to improve on their services. IKEA is building online help to guide customers on how to maintain a more sustainable life. Their program offers customers tips and ideas through the website on how to reduce their effects on the surroundings. Arab airlines on the other hand plan to improve on their e-ticket sales to customers. This will offer the customers cheaper means since they will not need to travel long distances to obtain air tickets or make hotel reservations (Faculty of Business Studies, 2010; EFG-Hermes UAE, 2007, pp 2-39).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on SWOT analysis: Air Arabia Company and IKEA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both companies offer low prices to their services and products. This helps them to counter the wave of other competitors who still value high pricing of products and services in the market. The low prices attract most customers especially during difficult financial times. In order to improve its performance, IKEA has established a good brand name that is recognized globally, this has helped in maintaining the strong growth it requires in order to have a strong market identity amongst the clients. Air Arabia being the first low cost air company in the Middle East, utilized this opportunity to create a strong brand name that secured it favour amongst the travellers in the market (Faculty of Business Studies, 2010; EFG-Hermes UAE, 2007, pp 2-39). Differences Air Arabia is working in partnership with other companies in order to strengthen its acquisition of some essential assets like the ground handling venture which is a partnership between Air Arabia and Sharja Airport Authority. On the issue of catering services it plans to partner with Alfa Overseas Holdings. IKEA on the other hand despite being a home furnishing retailer, supplements its income through its constituent stores which are the restaurants, cafes and food shops (Faculty of Business Studies, 2010; EFG-Hermes UAE, 2007, pp 2-39). References EFG-Hermes UAE. 2007. Air Arabia. Accessed at  https://www.efghermes.com/en/Pages/default.aspx . Dubai- UAE pp 2-39 Faculty of Business Studies. 2010. Undestanding Business Functions I: IKEA case  study. Arab Open University. Web. Matt, E. 2010. Competitive Intelligence; Excellence in Financial management.  Accessed at  https://exinfm.com/ pp 1-36Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Valentin K. 2001. SWOT analysis from a resource-based view. Journal of  Marketing Theory and Practice. 9(2): 54-68. This report on SWOT analysis: Air Arabia Company and IKEA was written and submitted by user Sariah Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Best AP Biology Study Guide

The Best AP Biology Study Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Studying for AP Biology is a big undertaking, and it can seem pretty overwhelming at first. However, if you get an early start and have the right strategies and tools at your disposal, you stand a strong chance of getting a great score on the test. In this complete AP Biology study guide, my goal is to provide you with all the resources you need to carry out a focused, effective study plan. I'll provide you with all the information you need to begin your journey to a 5 (nope, it's not too ambitious!). What’s the Purpose of This Guide? This AP Biology study guide will give you the tools you need to prepare for the final AP Biology test as well as any assessments you encounter in your class throughout the year.In the first section, I will give you some advice on how to structure your study plan for the AP test depending on your level of preparation and the amount of time you have before the exam.You may decide to skip this section if you’re not ready to start studying for the final exam yet, but you can also read it to get an idea of how you will organize things in the future. In the next section, I’ll provide some study strategies that will help you get the most out of the information and resources contained in this guide.Access to content won’t get you a great score unless you know how to absorb it efficiently and apply it to the format of the test! In the two sections following these tips, I’ll link to notes that you can use to study different aspects of the course.The first section covers all the basic content that's taught in AP Biology, organized by the course’s four "Big Ideas" (or main themes).The second section will link to descriptions of each of the labs you'll need to be familiar with in this course in case you lost any reports from earlier in the year! Finally, I’ll provide a list of online resources that you can use to practice your AP Biology skills and review the concepts you’ve learned. AP Biology Study Plans Before you decide on a study plan, I would advise you to take a practice test to see where you’re currently scoring.You can use a test in a review book or look online for sample tests from 2013 or later.Once you take and score this test, you can think more critically about how much time you need to spend studying for AP Biology.I’ll give you an example of two study plans; the 10-hour plan is if you’re hoping to improve by one AP point or just hone your skills so that you’re more solidly in the 5 range.The 20-hour plan is for students who are hoping to improve by around 2 AP points.Each plan has the same four components: #1: Take Practice Tests Beyond the default diagnostic test, you will need to continue taking practice tests as you study for AP Biology.This is a way to check your progress and get familiar with the format of the test so that you aren’t caught off-guard on exam day. #2: Analyze Mistakes on Practice Tests This is a critical component of AP Biology studying.After you take a practice test, you should sit down and go through your mistakes to see which content areas gave you the most trouble.This will help you to avoid studying irrelevant things or neglecting areas where your knowledge is weaker. #3: Study Weak Content Areas Based on the information you learn from analyzing your mistakes, you can focus on the content areas that need the most work.Your goal is to patch up all the holes before you take another practice test. #4: Revise Test-Taking Strategies This is another step you need to take after analyzing your mistakes.If you made mistakes due to time pressure or careless errors, you should think about changing your test-taking strategies to avoid this in the future.Try not to linger for more than a minute on difficult questions.Underline the most important parts of each question so that you don’t make careless mistakes! Here are the two plans broken down into their different components, with some rough guidelines for how much time you should spend on each step: 10 Hour Study Plan Analyze your mistakes on the diagnostic test: 1.5 hours Study relevant content areas and revise test-taking strategies: 2 hours Take and score another practice test: 4 hours Analyze your mistakes on the second practice test: 1.5 hours Final study session: 1 hour 20 Hour Study Plan Analyze your mistakes on the diagnostic test: 1.5 hours Study relevant content areas and revise test-taking strategies: 3 hours Take and score another practice test: 4 hours Analyze your mistakes on the second practice test: 1.5 hours Study content areas that are still giving you trouble and revise test-taking strategies again: 3 hours Take and score a third practice test: 4 hours Analyze your mistakes: 1.5 hours Final study session: 1.5 hours When I do crossword puzzles, I sometimes grade myself, so they're similar to AP practice tests except with no reward beyond the satisfaction of knowing arcane information that is usually completely irrelevant to my life. Fun fact: the apostrophe in Hawaiian words is called an okina. 4AP Biology Study Strategies AP Biology is a tough class that covers tons of complex information.If you want to use this guide to prepare effectively for the AP test and other tests throughout the year, you’ll need to use study strategies that complement the material.Here are a few of my recommendations: #1: When in Doubt, Draw It Out If you’re feeling shaky on your knowledge of a process or system in AP Biology, one helpful strategy is to draw it.This will both reinforce what you know and highlight what you still need to work on learning.Once you’re able to draw an accurate diagram of a system or process without looking at your notes, you can feel confident that you know how it works. For example, you could challenge yourself to draw a diagram of a cell membrane, label its different components, and explain their significance. You could also draw a process like mitosis that happens in clear visual stages or a more complex process like cellular respiration, where you might focus on one aspect at a time (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain).This advice ties into the next strategy on this list. If you can draw a diagram, you haven’t just memorized facts, you’ve connected them to their place within a larger context. #2: Don’t Just Memorize - Make Connections Since the recent redesign of the AP Biology exam, the focus of the questions has beenasking students to demonstrate a deeper understanding of complex biological concepts.Memorization is still important for the test, but it won’t get you a good score if you do it in isolation.Each term or concept in AP Biology is connected to a larger theme, and it’s your job to understand those connections and their implications.This will enable you to answer questions on the test that ask you to analyze hypothetical scenarios based on your biology knowledge. So, if you're studying DNA structure and replication, you shouldn't just memorize the names of the nucleotides and the enzymes that aid in DNA replication. These things are important, and you should know them, but you need to go beyond this type of knowledge. How does DNA go from just a chain of molecules inside a cell to the foundation of every organism's individuality? How does it relate to reproduction and gene expression? How is it translated into the formation of other systems in the body? Each fact that you memorize should lead you to ask yourself questions like this to ground your understanding. Biology is not a collection of random tidbits of information but a web of interrelated concepts. The clearer this becomes to you, the better! #3: Know Lab Procedures Labs make up a significant portion of the AP Biology course, and the test reflects this fact.You should review all of your labs, and make sure that you understand their outcomes and methodologies.It’s especially important that you familiarize yourself with the fundamental building blocks of a good experiment.There are often questions on the test that ask about different experimental variables or require you to predict the outcome of an experiment.The more familiar you are with your labs, the more likely it is that you’ll be able to answer these questions easily based on your memory of similar experiments in class. #4: Use Practice Tests Strategically This tip is evident in my study plans in the previous section, but it’s worth mentioning again.You shouldn’t just study the material and expect to do well, especially on a test like AP Biology that requires a significant amount of analysis in its questions.You can use practice tests to judge which content areas need the most work and whether you need to revamp your test-taking strategies.Practice tests can be found in review books or online.Just make sure you use tests that are for the new version of the exam (69 questions in the multiple choice section, not 100!). If you take enough practice tests, you'll be able to see exactly where you're going wrong and how you can fix your mistakes. The same thing happens if you play enough chess games. The main thing you need to know about chess is that the horsey moves in the shape of a fancy couch. AP Biology Content In this section, I'll include notes on each topic area in AP Biology followed by a list of videos that cover these topics as well. Most students should probably start with the notes to gather a solid foundation of knowledge. If you're reading the notes and you feel like you're going to fall asleep, try switching to a video explanation instead. The notes are more in-depth than the videos, so you should probably read them all at some point, but you can alternate between the different formats depending on how you feel and which learning style works best for you. You can even take notes to reinforce the informationas you watch the videos or print out the notes and use them as a guide when watching a video explanation. Don't feel pressured to commit to one type of resource over the other - switching it up every once in a while will keep things from getting boring. Notes and Outlines Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life Natural selection Hardy-Weinberg Biodiversity Vertebrates Invertebrates Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Protists Fungi Plant evolution Animal evolution Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis Molecular biology Water Carbon/molecular diversity of life Macromolecules Homeostasis Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Anaerobic respiration Metabolism Cell structure Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes Eukaryotic cell structure Cell membrane properties Active transport Passive transport Phospholipid bilayer Immune response Big Idea 3: Living systems store, receive, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes Genes DNA structure and replication Mendel and the laws of inheritance Cell cycle Mitosis Meiosis Cancerous cells Cell communication Viruses Endocrine system Nervous system Big Idea 4: Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties How Plants Work Plant Structure Transport in Vascular Plants Plant Nutrition Circulatory system and respiratory system Digestive system Excretory system Muscular and skeletal systems Ecology Behavioral Population Community Ah plants. They're like animals, but they eat the sun! Alive. Videos Bozeman Science This YouTube channel has a whole playlist of â€Å"AP Biology Video Essentials.† Topics of Special Interest: The New AP Biology Exam: A User’s Guide Photosynthesis and Respiration Transport Across Cell Membranes Cellular Organelles Mendelian Genetics DNA and RNA Nervous System Amoeba Sisters This is a YouTube channel with a bunch of cute videos that explain biological concepts simply and with a touch of humor. Topics of Special Interest (there are more if you check out the full playlist): Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis DNA Replication and Structure Protein Synthesis Osmosis Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Bacteria Plant Structure Inheritance Viruses Food Webs and Energy Exchange Systems of the Human Body Crash Course Full Biology Playlist (includes a couple of extra videos that aren’t on this list of main topics if you’re interested!) Topics of Special Interest: Heredity Natural Selection Population Genetics Species Classification (Taxonomy) Cellular Respiration Structure and function of animal cells and plant cells Cell Membranes and Transport Biological Molecules Photosynthesis DNA Structure and Replication Mitosis and Meiosis Plant Reproduction Ecology The Body’s Systems: Nervous System Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Digestive System Excretory System Skeletal System Muscular System Immune System Endocrine System Reproductive System Khan Academy There’s a long playlist of Biology videos on Khan Academy’s channel.These go more in-depth into various aspects of different biological concepts and are longer than the videos from the other channels.They’re a bit of a commitment, but they can help you become even more of a biology expert. At the original Khan Academy, everyone had to take Pillaging 101 as a prerequisite unless they got really high scores on the SAT (Scourge Aptitude Test). AP Biology Labs This section includes all the information you need to know about AP Biology labs. The documents I've referenced for each lab are the official College Board descriptions. They're pretty extensive, but you don't have to read every word; I'd recommend skipping to the second section of each document where the headings become red instead of blue (the blue section is more for teachers than students). Pay attention to the questions that are asked in the documents as each step of the lab process is completed. Contemplating and understanding the answers to these questions will help you to get a better handle on the purpose of the lab. At the very least, you should review the Background and Procedure for each lab to refresh your memory of what you did and why. Notes and Outlines There are thirteen labs included in the AP Biology curriculum.Here’s a link to a page that briefly goes through all of the labs you’ll do in a standard AP Biology class.These are categorized by â€Å"Big Idea† to match the structure of the course's content. Labs for Big Idea 1 1. Artificial selection2. Mathematical modeling (Hardy-Weinberg)3. Comparing DNA Sequences to Understand Evolutionary Relationships Labs for Big Idea 2 4. Diffusion and Osmosis5. Photosynthesis6. Cellular Respiration Labs for Big Idea 3 7. Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis8. Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation9. Biotechnology: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA Labs for Big Idea 4 10. Energy Dynamics11. Transpiration12. Fruit Fly Behavior13. Enzyme Activity Make sure you go through the actual lab work you did in class as well. Reports and data based on your own experiences are the most valuable resources for this aspect of the curriculum. Videos Bozeman Science Labs 1 through 7 Labs 8 through 13 Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to find many videos going through the AP Biology labs because the current labs are relatively new, and most videos deal with the pre-2012 lab structure. Some types of labs are cuter than others. Study Resources to Test Your Knowledge In this section are some of the best resources you can use during your AP Biology prep. Quizlet This site has many different user-created sets of terms that you can use to review for the AP test or any other in-class tests.Check out thisUltimate AP Biology Vocabulary Review; there are over 1,000 terms to help you review what you’ve learned.You can study them in flashcard form and then quiz yourself all in one place!Quizlet also has tons of other AP Biology study sets that will help you review all the details you need to know for different units.You can sign up for free. Learnerator There are some good practice questionshere that cover the main concepts within each big idea of the AP Biology curriculum.I like that they include many questions about lab procedures to ensure that you don’t lose out on the lab aspect of biology studying.If you go through all the questions, the site will tell you whether you’re prepared for the test based on how many you answer correctly in each section.You should take this with a grain of salt, but it is helpful as a way to see exactly which concepts are giving you the most trouble. Clear Biology This site has a few different practice resources.Here’s a worksheet for grid-in questions as well as detailed instructions for answering these types of questions. And here are some tips for answering free response questions. Varsity Tutors There are tons of mini practice quizzes on this site for all the AP Biology topics, andthey’re rated by difficulty level, so you’ll know whether you really have a topic down. Diagnostic tests are also available for a more holistic look at your strengths and weaknesses. Barron’s You can take a free practice test on the Barron’s website without purchasing the review book.Choose between timed and un-timed versions: barronsbooks.com/ap/bio/. Wow, those were some XTREMEly awesome study tools! I don't know why I'm trying to relate to AP Biology students with a vague sports reference. But I'm sure some of you do the sports ball playing. Conclusion With the tips and tools in this AP Biology study guide, you should be able to formulate a comprehensive approach to studying. You can use these resources throughout the year as you build up your knowledge, or you can use them just in the month(s) before the AP test, depending on how you learn best. Here's a little review of everything I've covered. Your study plan should consist of: Taking practice tests Analyzing mistakes Studying weak content areas Revising test-taking strategies Some study tips to remember are: Draw out systems and processes so you can understand them better Don't just memorize facts, make connections to larger themes Make sure you're familiar with your labs and the principles of experimental design Take practice tests frequently You can use notes from your class as well as the notes in this guide as anchors for your studying. If you learn better by watching videos, you should definitely check out the video explanations of different concepts that I've listed above. And once again, don't forget to go over your labs!This is a tough subject, and there's a lot to remember, but if you give yourself enough time to absorb it all and are conscious of where you need the most improvement, you can master the skills you need to be successful in your class and on the test. What's Next? If you're taking AP Biology, you probably have big plans for higher education. Find out how many AP classes you should take in high school if you're looking at highly selective colleges. What does a high score on an AP test get you? Learn more about how AP credit works at colleges. Do you need to take a couple of SAT Subject Tests to submit with your college applications? Read this article for an explanation of the differences between AP tests and SAT Subject Tests and an overview of the challenges presented by each. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

World Wildlife Fund

World Wildlife Fund The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is a global-scale conservation organization that works in 100 countries and consists of nearly 5 million members worldwide. The WWFs mission- in the simplest of terms- is to conserve nature. Its aims are threefold- to protect natural areas and wild populations, to minimize pollution, and to promote efficient, sustainable use of natural resources. The WWF focuses their efforts at multiple levels, starting with wildlife, habitats and local communities and expanding up through governments and global networks. The WWF views the planet as a single, complex web of relationships between species, the environment, and human institutions such as government and global markets. History The World Wildlife Fund was established in 1961 when a handful of scientists, naturalists, politicians, and businessmen joined forces to form an international fundraising organization that would provide money for conservation groups working around the globe. The WWF grew during the 1960s and by the 1970s it was able to hire its first project administrator, Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy, who immediately convened a meeting of experts to forge the organizations key priorities. Among the first projects to receive funding from the WWF was a study of the tiger population in Chitwan Sanctuary Nepal conducted by the Smithsonian Institution. In 1975, the WWF helped establish the Corcovado National Park on Costa Ricas Osa Peninsula. Then in 1976, the WWF joined forces with the IUCN to create TRAFFIC, a network that monitors wildlife trade to curtail any conservation threats such trade inevitably causes. In 1984, Dr. Lovejoy devised the debt-for-nature swap approach that entails the conversion of a portion of a nations debt into funding for conservation within the country. The debt-for-nature swap tactic is also used by The Nature Conservancy. In 1992, the WWF further funded conservation in developing nations by establishing conservation trust funds for high-priority conservation regions throughout the world. These funds are intended to provide long-term funding to sustain conservation efforts. More recently, the WWF has worked with the Brazilian government to launch the Amazon Region Protected areas that will triple the land area that is protected within the Amazon region. How They Spend Their Money 79.4% of expenses go towards conservation projects7.3% of expenses go towards administration13.1% of expenses go towards fundraising Website www.worldwildlife.org You can also find the WWF on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Headquarters World Wildlife Fund1250 24th Street, NWP.O. Box 97180Washington, DC 20090tel: (800) 960-0993 References About the World Wildlife FundHistory of the World Wildlife FundCharity Navigator - World Wildlife Fund

Organization Career Opportunism in Modern Business Essay

Organization Career Opportunism in Modern Business - Essay Example In short, the organizational career is lifeless, while the changeable career future is bright and flourishing. In this special issue of the decision-making, we will examine the ways and the career Atmosphere and the executive of the 21st century will shape the direction of careers in the years to come. To comprehend the perspective of the new career, every person must build up the latest competencies related to the organization of self and career. In this opportunity document, we will present a concise impression of the rising career background, for both organizations and persons. Reading 2 The cause for upholding an open mind even after making a decision is comparatively simple but incredibly significant: "Facts" can change over time. "Facts" simply symbolize our state of understanding at any known peak in time. "Facts" in psychology have also changed over the years, as you will discover in your study of obedience. Serious thinking does not teach you a set of facts. As a substitute, it gives you an approach of thinking about facts and realizes those facts to determine whether or not they are sufficient. Therefore, serious thinking about any topic continues on and on. Serious thoughts involve a lifetime of learning-a self-motivated, an ongoing process that does not stop. Our assumptions and preconceptions facilitate us to establish how we see the world, minimize the option we make, and dictate the behaviors we want, thus, to become significant thinkers, we must tackle our own biases. To be significant thinkers, we must make sure ourselves with all sides of an issue and remain flexible and open-minded. Relying on supposition and presumption protect them from having to deal with such ambiguity. Philosophical thoughts require that we accept the doubts and continue to question and test ideas and supposition. Our assumption and preconceptions are frequently based on such logic, but we must find out to base on methodical evidence to portray conclusions about psycholo gical issues. Reading 3 Communication is used as a tool to express the feelings or desire verbally or nonverbally. In communication ideas, attitudes and value are shared to the others by three ways it can be verbal, nonverbal and graphics the meaning which can be understood by the other party depends upon his perception, the sentence structure, and interpretation. Communication process its self composed of seven elements these are a sender, message, receiver, feedback, channel, context, and interference. There are numerous things which disturb the flow of communication which ultimately lead to confusion and misunderstanding these are sender use wrong way or wrong wording of communication it can be the wrong perception of a receiver, absence of feedback, the wrong context or other factors which cause interferes with the message. Good communication is a key of success it enables peoples and organization to communicate well and establishes a link and understanding between two or more p eople, it also improves individuals performance, relationship with others and also develop their own need to enhance their personal, social and work relationships. It also enables supervisors to control work procedure, motivate their staff and manage a balance between the needs and goals of individuals with those of the organization.

Term Paper; Case Study Leadership Theory & Practice 5th Edition, Peter Paper

; Case Study Leadership Theory & Practice 5th Edition, Peter G. Northhouse - Term Paper Example Skills have been stated to be a quite different aspect compared to characteristics or features of leaders. Skills have been defined to be the comprehension or the competencies which could be attained by the leaders (Nothhouse, 2009). Three fundamental skills have been stated to be possessed by an individual to become an effective and successful proprietor. The three set of fundamental administrative skills entail human, technical and conceptual aspects. The development of the mentioned skills would aid an individual to become a successful leader along with achieving success in the works carried out (Nothhouse, 2009). For instance, with regard to the considered case, it could be stated that operating a restaurant business would require knowledge regarding the kind of foods that is offered in the particular restaurant and the way those foods or dishes are prepared for satisfying the taste buds of the customers. From this instance, it could be understood that technical skills entail a practical and concrete activity with regard to the core or fundamental products offered along with the organizational processes. Technical skills are considered to be quite vital as it aids in delivering the exact products that is intended to be produced by an organization (Nothhouse, 2009). The notion of human skill is believed to be quite vital for an individual to become a successful leader or administrator. Human skill refers to the know-how and capability of working along with numerous other individuals. Human skills have been defined as the aptitudes that aid a leader to carry out the tasks effectually in harmony with the peers, subordinates and superiors. This is required to be done for the reason of attaining the organizational aims (Nothhouse, 2009). Leaders with this particular skill help to generate an environment of trust which creates a comfort level for the employees and make them feel

Support and Charities for Geriatric Patients and the Elderly

Support and Charities for Geriatric Patients and the Elderly INTRODUCION As population age, the body or physical appearance changes, mental, emotional and social aspects of person’s life are also altered. It is inevitable since nobody can live young for a long time. This also mean that an individual is vulnerable to any diseases. Most of the time the elderly people experience a lot of illnesses due to the fact that they cannot perform certain activities like the way they do when they were still young, imbalance or change of hormones especially to women, and loss of appetite or nutritional deficiencies. Some of the geriatric diseases are curable and treatable but there are also palliative cases or end stage. Moreover, the most common health problem among older ones is dementia, specifically Alzheimer’s disease. It causes progressive decline of person’s ability to function. Based on the Alzheimer’s organisation website, this illness is the 6th leading cause of death in the United States, and there are more than 5 million people living with this problem. Whilst according to the Alzheimer’s New Zealand, there are 48, 182 New Zealanders suffer from dementia in the latest statistics (2011). It is 1.1% of the total population of the country excluding those individuals who are not aware, diagnosed and documented. There are more cases of Alzheimer’s and other types of dementia recorded among females compared to males. In fact in the US, two thirds of the affected persons are women, and in NZ, 60% or majority of them are females. Healthcare providers play a vital role in supporting demented individuals. Everyone is expected to give his/her best effort and perform the task whole-heartedly including the government. Family’s support is the most important one since blood is thicker than water. No matter how hard the medical team try to treat the patients, it becomes useless if the family is not there and are not willing to take actions. The emotional support is necessary especially to those elderly who are in their early stage of dementia. As a Geriatric Healthcare Specialist at Kindly Residential Care Rest home, I will discuss about the emotional support such as individuals in early stage dementia involved in decision-making. Patient’s suffering from early stage dementia or mild- Alzheimer’s disease can most likely still be able to perform their daily activities and most probably need little assistance with the family, relatives, and support worker. These people including the care recipient will experience certain changes due to the health disease as days go by. It is important that the carer is knowledgeable enough to do the tasks and other related circumstances that goes with the situation effectively, and this includes decision-making. Several barriers have been identified in making decision on behalf of the incapacitated person and these are; having difficulties in deciding what to do and the family member experiencing distress in making a decision, others have lack of information about the situation. Some instance in proxy decision making is lack of emotional support for people with early dementia who still have capacity hinders the discussion of future care options, including placement in residential institutions with 24-hour care. Decision making is always based on the person’s knowledge or education, training, previous experience as well as social and cultural background. Others ask for professional help and information but there are also whom do not. There are many support organisations for geriatric health conditions. I will just give five different associations that are working with the same objective, which is assisting and providing help for the seniors, and to those who need their services. One of the organisations is the Alzheimer’s New Zealand Incorporated, it is a not-for-profit company providing support, additional information, helpful educational programmes and other services that are applicable to the local community. They are working with 21 Alzheimers member organisations located all over the country. In May 2010, they launched the National Dementia strategy at a special function that was attended by the Minister of health Tony Ryall and other important people who are part of the business. There are eight strategic goals; 1. Acknowledge/recognise dementia as a national health priority, 2. Boost the awareness of the society about dementia, 3. Deliver easy access to affordable and proper medical treatment, 4. Better management and diagnosis of dementia, 5. Give suitable services to all dementia patient’s, 6. Provide support to family/whanau/carers of people with dementia, 7. Create a workforce to provide quality care for demented people, 8. Expand the research and the evaluation of dementia practices. This organisation is open for donation since helping to sick individuals cost money, they cannot function without the support of the community. Alzheimers New Zealand conducts a lot of programmes like â€Å"Please remember those who can’t† Countdown 2014 Alzheimers Appeal happening on 30 June to July 2014, and â€Å"Dementia: The future is now† biennial conference at Rotorua Convention centre on 14-15 November 2014. Moreover, heart disease is a serious problem encountered by New Zealanders. There are cases in which patient is required to undergo surgery, some instances could lead to death, and others are under long-term medical treatment. That is why The Stroke Foundation is here to help those affected individuals. It is a non-profit association in New Zealand, and is the only organisation which aims and devoted to reduce the number of stroke, better treatment results, and supports those who are already suffering from heart disease. It is managed by board of directors and the main office is located in Wellington. There are three other regional offices in Auckland (Northern Region), Tauranga (Midland), and Christchurch (Southern Region). The Stroke Foundation of New Zealand has three missions; firstly, is to save more lives. They do this by promoting to the public about the health effects of stroke and other symptoms. An example of the programme is the â€Å"Blood Pressure awareness campaignâ₠¬  which is done yearly in May and happens all over the country with the cooperation of St. John, Foodstuffs supermarkets, and Rotary. F.A.S.T Campaign and Pacific stroke prevention programme are the other projects of Stroke foundation. Secondly, is to improve outcomes. The organisation wants to concentrate on the delivery of health services in order to provide better rehabilitation and acute hospital and treatment outcomes to the patients. They are in the process of making the stroke services in to the international best-practice standard. The organisation does National stroke Guidelines, Audit and report acute and post-acute DHB stroke services, and assists in Clinical networks. Lastly, they want to enhance life after stroke. The Stroke Foundation supports the families of the patients by visiting them to their home or in hospitals, giving advice and help in accessing the carer-relief services and funding. This association also have â€Å"Stroke Clubs† in which people invol ved have the chance to meet others regularly and all over New Zealand. They also conducts certain activities and stroke survivors are encourage to participate. Furthermore, another non-for-profit and at the same time non-government organisation is the Diabetes New Zealand. This association has been established since 1962, and has a triple C vision, Controlled, Cured, and Contained. Their mission is to give the diabetic citizens of New Zealand all the support they need so that they can still enjoy the rest of their lives. It has 20 branches in other areas in the country and the main office is in Wellington. All of the branches are working together and giving the necessities of all diabetics. In order for them to achieve their envision and mission, they increase the public awareness regarding the disease, provide additional information and support to help individuals live well, to specifically give hand to those who are prone to type 2 diabetes and eventually delay the complications of diabetes, to promote improve and better services, and to do more researches about diabetes. Diabetes New Zealand is mainly funded by members’ donations, bequests, grants and fees. It is also a member of the International Diabetes Federation, an organisation for all diabetes consumer groups all over the world. Also, changes in vision is common to elderly people. Some have poor eyesight, others may have more serious problems that could result to blindness, and glaucoma is one those. It is a condition of a group related diseases in which the optic nerve is affected. The nerve fibres continue to die which causes blockage to the peripheral or even side vision. This the leading cause of preventable blindness in New Zealand as well as in other developed countries. Early detection and proper treatment will prevent the community from blindness due to glaucoma. That is why Glaucoma New Zealand was established, and is a registered charitable trust in 2002. They have four aims; to enhance awareness of the public about glaucoma, assist and give knowledge to individuals regarding glaucoma, provide education to the eye health workers to ensure that a high quality of service is given to the clients, and to advocate research into glaucoma. Then, the Cancer Society of New Zealand is a not-for-profit association and is dedicated to reduce the incidence of cancer as well as to give the most care to all New Zealanders. The main office is in Wellington, there are 6 regional offices and 16 cancer centres, and each is providing their own funds and other support services. The organisation’s values are integrity, respect and excellence. Their core services are Health promotion, Support, Information and Resources, and Research. The team encourages the society to have a healthy lifestyle by educating them, providing policy, advocacy, and through communicating with the public. Some of the programmes or topics are Tobacco Control, Skin Cancer Prevention, Nutrition and Physical Activity, Screening and Early detection, and Men’s Health. They also accept volunteers which are devoted to the vision and mission of the association. They mainly rely on the donations, fund-raising activities like Relay for Life and Daffodil da y, bequests, and personal support. There are a lot of service provisions in New Zealand, and I will just discuss six among all the types. Hospice New Zealand is one of those service provisions. It is established to make sure that citizens of New Zealand have an access to quality palliative care. They intent to obtain government funding, establish standards and monitor the facilities at a national level, licensing, yearly inspection of hospices, and giving education and resources. This organisation has five goals; initially is the community engagement, which increases the awareness and understanding of care. Next is leadership, they want to guide the whole country into the right direction and support with the help of other members and sectors. Advocacy is the third goal, to ensure equitable funding and delivery of hospice care. The fourth goal is to develop workforce, they want to have a high palliative care and performing hospice manpower. The fifth and final goal is the quality and standards. This will enable them to improve the quality and standards palliative care for the families, clients and whanau. The vision of Hospice New Zealand is based on the World Health Organisation, which â€Å"intends neither to hasten nor postpone death†. The core values are being Professional, Respectful, Caring, Collaborative, and Honour diversity. Similarly, Public hospitals is another service rendered for New Zealanders. These are manage and owned, or funded by District Health Boards (DHBs). It is made up to provide quality acute care, and guarantee that a lot of individuals are able to access the elective or non-acute services. There are varieties of publicly funded health and disability services right now such as surgical, maternity, medical, emergency, and diagnostic services. Hospital services are provided on a day case and outpatient basis, inpatient, and depends on the type of care needed by the clients. Inpatients are admitted in the hospital for only one day or overnight, day case clients are admitted and are being discharge on the same day, while outpatients go to specialist’s clinic services and are not admitted to hospital. In addition, Residential care in New Zealand is provided by private companies and non- profit organisations. In most cases the cost of care to the individuals is subsidised by government funding known as the Residential Care Subsidy. It includes long-term care, and has four levels of care: rest home care, continuing care (hospital), dementia care, and specialised hospital care (psychogeriatric care). Short-term respite care and convalescent may also provide but do not involve income and asset testing. To be eligible for a government-subsidised residential care must be assessed as â€Å"needing care†. DHBs are responsible for funding residential care services for elderly persons. They also have contracts to other rest homes and hospitals owners, if the client is eligible for government funding through the residential care subsidy, DHBs will decide based on the assessment of a resident. Whether â€Å"high† or â€Å"very high† needs, and it is necessary to send the client to one of the service provisions, and the family or relative cannot be safely cared. Moreover, GP or General Practitioners are one of the healthcare providers who help the residents in dealing with their diseases or situation. GP diagnose and treat the health concerns of the people within the community. Pay depends on the location, hours, and the number of patients they rendered their service. General Practitioners job description are the following: examine and diagnose client’s health problems, perform minor surgery, refer residents/patients to other health services if necessary, prescribe and administer medications, keep medical records and maintain the confidentiality of patients, advise on health care and prevention of illness, and also train and supervise doctors working towards their GP exams. It is essential for them to be great in communicating with the patients, they are knowledgeable about the anatomy and how human body works, and have the knowledge of different diseases, illnesses and injuries. They must update themselves by new research, treatments , and practices. The knowledge of medical ethics and law is very important, and the diagnostic skills. GP’s job is very important since the diagnosis of the patient depends on their assessment. Counsellors are also important in the community. They help individuals in dealing with their personal problems, it could be emotional or financial. They also aid in deciding on what actions they can take to solve problems and create changes in their lives. The professional fees vary and depend on the offer of employer, as well qualifications and experience. It is a vital characteristic for the counsellor to be a good listener, respond, and reflect with clients. Counsellors must also convince their clients to talk and express their feelings about the happening in their life. It is also part of their job to help the patients in understanding themselves, their necessities as well as how to meet their goals. The skills and knowledge that a counsellor must have are: the knowledge of social, cultural issues, and self-care strategies. To be able to understand the human development and relationships, skills in analysing and evaluating human behaviour. This profession is very helpful for the elderly since they experience a lot of changes not only in their physical looks but also emotionally. They need an expert in decision making and an advice from their personal problems. Finally, Dieticians play a vital role in health services when it comes to the seniors. Balance diet and healthy lifestyle is one of the common geriatric problems, that is why dietician is needed to ensure that they are eating nutritional food, preventing and eliminating vices such as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. A registered dieticians often seen working in the community like in, hospitals, catering companies, food industry, companies, sports commission, and other non-traditional work settings. This profession is essential in the treatment and prevention of disease in the hospital and other health care facilities. The elderly must eat properly since they are prone to other diseases like skin infection, allergies, skin tears and other related illnesses. Once they are healthy, they can prevent those diseases and can still enjoy the rest of their lives. In conclusion, there are so many geriatric problems like emotional, physical, mental etc. The government and other non-profit associations are working hand and hand in order to eliminate and eventually prolong the lives of the seniors. Emotional support from the family especially in the early stage of having a disease is important for both parties so that they can cope with the problems together. By doing this, the sick individual is not feeling ignored or left behind. Heaps of support services are available nationwide such as Alzheimers New Zealand, Stroke Foundation, Diabetes New Zealand, Glaucoma New Zealand, and Cancer Society of New Zealand. All of these provide an outstanding health services towards residents who badly need help and support from the community. Aside from that, service provisions are necessary to complete the cycle of the health care plan. Examples are hospices, hospitals, residential cares, General practitioners (GP), Counsellors, and Dieticians. All of those h ave their own responsibilities and are experts in caring and giving their best efforts for the betterment of the elderly.

Narration of Chpt 7 Essay

THE NARRATIVE IN THIS CHAPTER OPENS WITH HASSAN’S DREAM, IN WHICH WE SEE A POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE OMEN. IN THE DREAM, AMIR AND HASSAN ARE CELEBRATED AS HEROES WHICH IS A POSITIVE FORECAST FOR THE UPCOMING COMPETITION; HOWEVER, THE MONSTER â€Å"SWIMMING AT THE BOTTOM (OF THE LAKE), WAITING† FORESHADOWS THE MONSTROUS EVENT THAT IS ABOUT TO HAPPEN. THE DREAM JUXTAPOSES THE NIGHTMARE AMIR WILL WATCH AND HASSAN WILL EXPERI- ENCE LATER ON IN THE CHAPTER, THERE ARE MANY EXAMPLES OF JUXTAPOSITION IN THIS CHAPTER. THE BEAUTY OF THE DAY IS TARNISHED WITH THE UGLY INCIDENT, WINNING THE COMPETITION IS CONTRASTED WITH LOSING HIS FRIEND, THE SUN SHINING ON THE SNOW-WHITE DAY CLASHES WITH THE DARKNESS OF THE ALLEY, WHICH MEANS THE AUTHOR HERE IS ALSO USING PATHETIC FALLACY TO FURTHER INCREASE THE CONTRAST; ALL THE JUXTAPOSITION MAKES THE EVENT MORE DARK AND DIS- TURBING. WHEN HASSAN IS SHARING HIS DREAM WITH AMIR, AMIR IS ABRUPT TOWARDS HIM AND INTER- RUPTS HIS STORY, HE â€Å"ALMOST APOLOGISED, THEN DIDN’T. HASSAN UNDERSTOOD†, THIS IS AN INDI- CATOR OF THE SOCIETY AND CULTURE THEY LIVED IN, WHERE PASHTUN SUPERIORITY WAS THE AC- CEPTED NORM AND HAZARAS WERE CONSIDERED TO BE AN INFERIOR RACE. HASSAN KNOWS HIS PLACE AS THE SERVANT. LATER ON IN THE CHAPTER HASSAN BECOMES THE â€Å"SACRIFICIAL LAMB†, AMIR SAYS â€Å"I RAN BECAUSE I WAS A COWARD† BUT THEN TRIES TO CONVINCE HIMSELF HASSAN IS THE PRICE HE HAS TO PAY FOR BABA’S LOVE. AMIR’S DISMISSAL OF THE SITUATION IS UNUSUAL AS HE IS TYPICALLY MORE OPEN MINDED ABOUT HASSAN’S RACE, BUT IN THIS SITUATION HE THINKS TO HIMSELF â€Å"HE WAS JUST A HAZARA, WASN’T HE? †, THIS SHOWS HOW DEEP RACISM RUNS IN THE CULTURE. HOWEVER IT IS WORTH NOTING AMIR’S THOUGHTS ARE INTERTWINED WITH HIS NOW ADULT PERSPECTIVE AS HE IS TELLING THE STORY IN RETROSPECT AFTER HE HAS LIVED WITH THE CONSTANT GUILT OF THIS EVENT; THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF POSTMODERNISM AS THE NARRATIVE IS FRAGMENTED AND THERE IS MEANING CREATED IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NARRATIVES, AMIR’S NARRA- TIVE OF HASSAN’S RAPE IS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF THIS AS THE MEANING OF IT DEEPENS BY ADULT AMIR’S REASONING. AMIR’S ACTIONS HERE MEANS ‘THE KITE RUNNER’ IS A BILDUNGSROMAN, WHERE THE PROTAGONIST OF THE STORY’S ACTIONS ARE NOT HEROIC. DURING THE RAPE, AMIR’S NARRATIVE BREAKS OFF INTO MEMORIES RATHER THAN SPEAKING ABOUT THE EVENTS ACTUALLY TAKING PLACE. HE DIGRESSES INTO PAST MEMORIES AND EVENTS FROM HIS EARLIER CHILDHOOD, THIS INDICATES THE NARRATOR’S DIFFICULTY IN DEALING WITH WHAT’S HAPPENING IN FRONT OF HIM. IT’S ALMOST AS IF THERE ARE GAPS IN HIS ADULT MEMORY AS A RESULT OF HIS CHILDHOOD SELF DISTANCING HIMSELF FROM THE SITUATION. BY HAVING THE EVENTS TAKING PLACE IN AN ALLEY IS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DARK NATURE OF THE EVENTS AND THE FACT THAT AMIR FAILS TO ENTER THE ALLEY SHOWS HIS UNWILLINGNESS TO DEAL WITH THE DARKER THINGS IN LIFE, IT ALSO AL- LOWS THE RAPE TO BECOME A SIDE EVENT, SOMETHING EASILY IGNORED AND NOT A PART OF MAIN- STREAM LIFE. CHAPTER 7 IS THE CLIMAX THE READER HAS BEEN WAITING FOR SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE NOVEL. HOWEVER WHEN THE EVENT OCCURS WE REALISE IT IS A THIRD OF THE WAY THROUGH THE NOVEL AND IT ISN’T THE EVENT ITSELF BUT THE AFTERMATH OF IT THAT HAUNTS AMIR AS THE EVENTS ARE FAR FROM OVER. DESPITE FROM THIS, WE KNOW THAT CHAPTER 7 IS THE PIVOTAL CHAPTER AS Micaela Mossop WITHOUT THE EVENTS THAT TAKE PLACE HERE WOULD BE NO STORY TO TELL. THE IDEA THAT THE REPERCUSSION OF AMIR’S ACTIONS WILL AFFECT THE REST OF THE NOVEL IS REINFORCED AT THE END OF THE CHAPTER WHEN HE SOBS IN BABA’S ARMS WHICH INDICATES THE GAIN OF HIS FATHER’S AFFEC- TION WILL BE TAINTED BY HASSAN’S SACRIFICE.

Comparing The Book And The 1932 Film Murders - 1470 Words

After reading and watching both the book and the 1932 film ‘Murders in the Rue Morgue.’ It is evident that the film went mostly it’s own way, taking only small bits from Poe’s actual story, discarding many important details. The book starts out with an intricate explanation of the analytical mind. As that is our introduction; it floats into our narrator recounting his acquaintance with another named: C. Auguste Dupin, whom our narrator recalls was very fond of books; having met him at an obscure library in the Rue Montmartre, they were searching for the same unique text. This accidental meeting brought them closer together, seeing each other frequently. Our narrator is fascinated with his new friend s’ family history, which he was told many times. And is enthralled by Dupin’s love of literature. It is then detailed how our narrator gives himself up to Dupin’s ‘flights of fancy,’ letting himself be sucked into a vortex of fey dreams. Prone to prowling the streets at night, conversing amongst themselves. He then praises his friend’s analytical inclination, his skills of observation proved by a little chat about a play and a fruiterer. While they are taking one of th eir many jaunts around Paris, the pair come across a newspaper describing a ghoulish unsolved case involving the murder of a woman: Lady L’Espanaye and her daughter Camille. It seems the Madame was found with her neck so ravaged, her head just fell off when moved. Her daughter cruelly contorted and shoved up aShow MoreRelated James M. Cains Novel Mildred Pierce: Comparing the Book and Movie Version869 Words   |  4 PagesJames M. Cains Novel Mildred Pierce: Comparing the Book and Movie Version Mildred Pierce is one of the greatest novels written by James M. Cain. After the success of the novel, the Hollywood film came out, produced by Jerry Wald. The novel and the movie are very different from each other. â€Å"James M. 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Role Of The United Nations And The WTO In Regulating Global Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2136 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Media Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? The issue of politics and the regulation of media is not a new debate. Discussions around communications have a long history and governance and policy around telecommunications is a well-established topic at both national and international levels (Fylverboom, 2011). Even before national governments realised that international mechanisms were required to manage global issues such as trade of the environment, many realised that the benefits of international telecommunications would only be apparent if there were shared rules of the game in terms of governing how national networks would connect with each other (Fylverboom, 2011). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of The United Nations And The WTO In Regulating Global Media" essay for you Create order This study looks at the role of two key intergovernmental organisations and their role in regulating the global media. The United Nations (UN) and World Trade Organisation (WTO) both exert considerable influence on the world stage and it can be argued that both are influential in the regulation of media around the globe. The United Nations was established in 1945 to bring together nations of the world to promote peace and security (United Nations 2015) it is involved in missions around the world ranging from peacekeeping and sustainable development to fighting terrorism and addressing climate change. In relation to global media, UNESCO is an arm of the UN with a focus on education, cultural understanding and promoting freedom of expression and democracy. It states that it has a specific mandate to foster freedom of expression and to promote the free flow of ideas by word and image, The UNESCO webpage states that the organisation works to foster free, independent and pluralis tic media in print, broadcast and online. Media development in this mode enhances freedom of expression, and it contributes to peace, sustainability, poverty eradication and human rights. (UNESCO, 2015). Interestingly, UNESCO itself has entered the debate around media regulation, although more with a view on the contract between media self-regulation and state regulation than addressing the issue of media regulation by NGOs. A UNESCO report by Pudephatt (2011) provides a useful declaration of a media environment that supports freedom expression stating: it will be a diverse media environment, part public, part private and part community; a plurality of different media outlets; and a system that is broadly self-regulating with the exception of broadcast media (where spectrum has been limited and a regulatory body allocates bandwidth) (Pudephatt, 2011, p10). Pudephatt debates a central question around media regulation, which is whether it threatens or supports democracy. Some ar gue that minimal state interference in the media is necessary for a media environment that supports democracy, whilst other will argue that state intervention is required to promote a pluralist and diverse media (Pudephatt, 2011). A good example to support this argument would be a democratic state in which a small number of wealthy individuals bought up most of the media outlets and used this near monopoly to promote one political or economic view with the result that democratic debate became stifled. Pudephatt (2011) makes the point that in the past many states have looked to prevent a company from occupying a dominant market share of the media in order to ensure freedom of expression. It can certainly be argued that many arms of the UN do oppose most forms of media regulation. Human rights instruments such as the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights for example can all be seen as tools to support rath er than suppress freedom of expression. OSiochru et al (2002) suggest that there have been three broad phases in the development of global media regulation. The initial phase, pre-UN was driven by the economic and industrial revolution and accommodated the societal concerns of the time. A second phase came with the emergence of the UN and closer international relations. The increased presence of developing nations within the UN and its bodies, and calls for societal and human rights saw freedom of expression on the UN agenda, and through bodies such as UNESCO it encouraged greater freedom of expression in both national and international media (O Siochru et al.,2002). The third phase is represented by a weakening of the UN role in global media governance and one in which big business with a focus on the commercial rewards of global media looks to undercut national regulation and looks to free trade proponents such at the WTO to support this. The WTO was established with a narro wer agenda. It is an international body established to promote free trade through the abolition of tariffs and other trade barriers. It is closely linked with the ideas of globalisation and faces criticisms that it is too powerful, indifferent to workers rights, biased towards the rich and that it lacks democratic accountability (BBC, 2012). These criticisms can arguably be extended towards the WTO and global media, particularly when consideration is given to the expansion of powerful media conglomerates which benefit from the trade liberalisation ethos of the WTO. The WTO has a great deal of power in relation to global economic matters and its influence on global media has also grown as media organisations become bigger business and increasingly commercialised (Leicester University, 2015). One of the key concerns for the WTO is promoting free trade and the addressing the pre-existing barriers that national sovereignty can out in place of media expansion globally. Hackett and Zhao (2005) argue that the WTO has become an organisation which straddles key areas of communication and is set to extend its mandate further (p212). The WTO appears to be as supportive of the liberalisation of media and telecommunications as it is for the liberalisation of other areas of trade. With its rulings on formal trade complaints enforceable in international law, it is increasingly being seen by the largest media organisations as an ally as they look to expand into new market (Mansell and Raboy, 2011). The difficulties that companies such as Google have establishing a presence in states where there is more rigid censorship serve as one example of this. Global broadcasting has been happening for decades yet whilst organisations such as the WTO have long had success in securing international agreements which liberalised trade, cultural industries have often been afforded greater protection by governments and certain restrictions have been placed on the importance of cultur al industry products and media services (Mansell and Raboy, 2011). One consequence of globalisation of the media however has been an increased commercialisation of the industry (Mansell and Raboy, 2011). Essentially, global media is now big business and there are huge profits to potentially be made if the largest media corporations can overcome national media regulation and expand into new territories. As Mansell and Raboy (2011) state global markets in broadcasting are commercial, even when they involve trade among national broadcasters (p55). In many individual nations, national broadcasters have seen their market share decline. The WTOs influence can be seen in the growing dominance of a small number of market leaders in the media industry and much of the context to this can be found in the US media. In 1984 around 50 corporations controlled the vast majority of news media in the US; this in itself seemed a small number but by 2004 similar criteria being applied found that this number had reduce to five huge organisations controlling over 90 per cent of mass media in the US (Mansell and Raboy, 2011). These organisation are looking to expand their influence globally and the liberalisation of trade under the WTO is enabling this to happen. The dominance of a small number of corporations, the majority of which share a similar world view, brings us back to the question as to whether regulation of the media is a good or bad thing in terms of promoting democracy and freedom of expression. As these huge corporations use their market power as leverage to reduce traditional national interest public broadcasting, there are questions as to whether broadcasting in the public interest is still happening. Mansell and Raboy (2011) suggest that there is no global forum with sufficient influence to tackle these questions; in essence the liberalising power of the WTO is overcoming national attempts to regulate media and also the efforts of organisations such as UNES CO to promote a diverse global media. One of the key media developments for both the UN and the WTO to address has been the growth of the Internet over the last two decades. Whereas global media had always been subject to some form of governance, the Internet has been portrayed as outside of the reach of regulation due to its global and decentralised nature (Fylverboom, 2005). Its ever-expanding nature and its versatile technical platform have left it for some time outside of global media governance but there is some evidence that this is beginning to change and the UN and the WTO have both had at least some involvement in this. In 2003 a UN World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) debated issues around global governance of the Internet. It looked at the status quo at the time where national governments were largely regulating the Internet within their own boundaries, and discussed whether some form of global governance was possible (Mansell and Raboy, 2011). It was clea r at this point that both democratic and authoritarian governments were taking steps to deny access to their citizens for content that was seen as illegal or objectionable. The WSIS was ultimately unable to make much progress on this issue, finding that the conditions for access to the Internet would continue to be determined by the national government policies that were established and the effectiveness of their implementation (Mansell and Raboy, 2011). This suggests that the UN at least is limited in its capability to regulate some part of digital media on a global scale. Whilst the Internet is a global tool to be used, national governments so far are able to maintain a certain level of control as to the level of access that citizens have. Unsurprisingly the WTO has looked to extend its influence into the complex area of Internet regulation. One of the difficulties it faces it that the complexity of Internet regulation makes it an issue much larger than something that simply co mes under the remit of free trade or trade liberalisation. The whole area of content regulation has to be addressed; the attitude of China for example towards Internet content from the democratic West for example is not something that can easily be resolved (Kong, 2002). There remains a possibility that the WTO may be asked to step into legal battles around freedom of trade related to provision of Internet services. There has been discussion recently that companies such as Google might look to sue governments such as the Chineses for discrimination because of its harsh web filtering conditions (World Trade Law, 2015). If this were to happen, the WTOs role in Internet governance would expand rapidly Issues around Internet content make ideas of global regulation difficult; different cultures have different views on acceptable content. For the WTO, there are other issues around the Internet which it can more easily address. It may be able to coordinate regulation and standard-settin g in areas such as data protection and enabling access to financial services (IP Watch, 2015). A summary of the current position would be that the UNs influence over global media regulation diminishes as the globalised nature of the Internet develops further, and as powerful media conglomerates exert influence to facilitate their own plans for future dominance. The WTO with its commitment to free trade has enabled some of these huge corporations to grow; the challenge it faces in future will be to resolve the ongoing issues between these media giants and the national governments which wish to maintain a level of control on the media access open to their citizens. The likelihood given its nature is that the WTO will support the media organisations; the question is whether individual governments will adhere to its decisions. Bibliography BBC (2012) World Trade Organisation [Online] Available: https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/2429503.stm Fylverboom, M. (2011) The Power of Networks: Organizing the Global Politics of the Internet. London: Elgar Hackett, R. and Zhao, Y. (2005) Democratizing Global Media. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield IP Watch (2015) Panels: WTO Could Play Crucial Role In Challenges Facing Global Digital Trade. [Online] Available: https://www.ip-watch.org/2015/10/08/panels-wto-could-play-crucial-role-in-challenges-facing-global-digital-trade/ Kong, Q. (2002) China and the World Trade Organization: A Legal Perspective. New Jersey: New Scientific Mansell, R. and Raboy, M. (2011) The Handbook of Global Media and Communication Policy. Colchester: John Wiley and Sons O Siochru, S., Girard, B. and Mahan, A. (2002) Global Media Governance: A Beginners Guide. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Pudephatt, A. (2011) The Importance of Self-Regulation of the Media in Uphol ding FReedom of Expression UNESCO (2015) Fostering Freedom of Expression [Online] Available: https://en.unesco.org/themes/fostering-freedom-expression United Nations (2015) UN News Centre. [Online] Available: https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52315#.ViaXlDZRHIW World Trade Law (2015) Google, China and the WTO. [Online] Available: https://worldtradelaw.typepad.com/ielpblog/2010/01/google-china-and-the-wto.html