Child Growth and Development Essay

I. Introduction This case vignette is about a pip-squeak that was born(p)(p) unseasonable, at the twenty-fifth week of pregnancy. With the complication of being born that early the baby girl had many problems her first couple of months of life. Being in the infirmary for quint months she was fighting for her life each and every day. The chela was hooked up to numerous machines to keep her alive. Doctors gave her plenty of forethought while she was in the hospital. subsequently being there for five months they began to start seeing improvement in her ability to breathe on her profess and gain weight so she was released from the hospital. presently she is a normal happy and healthy four category old.The purpose of this case hit the books is to understand the victimization of a premature fry forthwith that the child is in a classroom setting. This case study was conducted during my early field experience observation hours, which is a requirement for all(prenominal) cor e pre-education classes. This study investigated three research questions (1) is there any un same(p)ness between the ways this and her peers who were born full-term interact with each other? (2) Is there any difference in the way that this child interacts with teachers and other adults comp ard to the other children? (3) Is the premature childs development delayed?The methods used to conduct this case study were observations and an compendium of the participants port with teachers, peer, and other adults. Also I had brief interaction with the child. Personal information was gathered about the child from the participants teachers, and parents which includes age, gender, race, education, personality traits, and family background.II. Participant and Develop noetic PerspectivesThe participant is a four year old Afri evict American female named Jane free energy. She was born on November 24, 2007. She was delivered prematurely at twenty-five weeks of gestation. This classifies her as extremely premature because she was born between twenty-three and twenty-eight weeks of gestation. Statistically, only a little over sixty percent of premature babies that are born that early survive. African American babies are more likely to survive compared to all other races, especially African American females. Jane Does mother stated that she also gave birth to a male child during this gestational period, who unfortunately did non survive. Being premature comes with serious health risks such as anemia, internal bleeding into the brain, infections, low blood sugar, respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, and severe intestinal inflammation.Fortunately Jane Doe was not born with or developed any of these conditions however she appease stands a higher chance of developing this long term risks such as delayed growth and development, mental or physical disability or delay, and vision loss or blindness. Physically, Jane Doe is like any other four year old. She has brown eyeball and brown hair. She weighs thirty-nine pounds and is approximately forty inches tall, which is remarkable because at birth she only weighed cardinal pound and thirteen ounces and was twelve inches long.Her height and weight are right on target for her age. Her head is slightly larger than most children her age alone that is due her being mature, and her brain development is normal. She has no development delays. She hit all her developmental milestones on m, except for creeping in which her mother consulted a physical therapist and was told that not all children creep but as long as she can crawl she would be fine. Her only current health issue is acute asthma in which she is treated with a nebulizer. She can climb stairs up and down without assistance. She is able to perform self-help skills such as dressing herself, using the bathroom, washing her hands and feeding herself. Jane ease needs takes naps but she often tries to fight them.Jane is very smart. She understands the con cept of shape and size. For example, she can tell you that one thing is bigger than the other and she sorts things according to their color. She does not fully understand time yet, but she does know the seasons and the days of the week. Jane can also use sequence word such as first, last, next, soon and later in regular conversation. She speaks very clearly and is able to have full conversations. She is very conscious of the daily schedule and what is supposed to happen next. She has great remembering and a very creative imagination. She engages in parallel play but is showing a new interest in dramatic play.She enjoys acting as if she is a mother or a teacher. As any four year old, Jane can be difficult to deal with, especially when she is upset however. She can verbalize her frustrations with others. She makes decisions based on her mood. She has a very dominate personality. She enjoys being well-nigh people. She responds very well to positive attention and praise from adults. Sh e is not hunted to ask for help however she does not want things to be done for her, simply just guidance to do it herself. She is very social and has many friends. Jane still has some separation anxiety and when important people submit because she does not understand why she cannot come too. She also gets upset when she is not ready to leave but it is time for her to go.She enjoys playing with children, but since she is an only child her mother stated that she is around adults majority of the time and is sometimes more comfortable around them. She becomes frightened when she hears loud noises such as the toilet flushing, or sees bugs. She also says that there are monsters. Jane is also very possessive. If she sees another child playing with a toy that she enjoys she will snatch the toy away from the other child or if her friend is playing with another friend she may become upset. all the same she is learning to share and play with others. She can be very jealous sometimes if she feels as though another child is getting too lots attention. She may lash out verbally but she is very rarely physically.III. Theories and Childs BehaviorAlbert Banduras social learning theory says that one learns a behavior from others by observing and imitating behaviors, especially aggressive behavior.(ref Ormrod, J.E. (1999). Human learning (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall.) Observing is simply watching a behavior performed by another individual. After observing the behavior of another the individual will imitate or repeat the same behavior to ensure in with a crowd or group. Bandura stated that children who come from an aggressive environment often repeated that behavior when placed in other settings. Bandura believed that children stepwise become more selective in what they chose to imitate. Jane shows signs of this theory when she observed that the when she does something that her mother does not like her mother points to her and tells her no, now when other children do something that she does not like she imitate the behavior that her mother displayed.Also one of the other children in the class was using inappropriate language (which was likely observed from someone else) and Jane imitated that behavior as well. Sigmund Freuds psychosexual theory stated that everyone is born with a natural sexual energy. That sexual energy has dresss and if an individual experiences any anxiety link to a stage it can affect them all the way into adulthood. (heffner media group, 2011). He refers to this sexual energy as libido. Freuds five stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. The oral stage says that an infants pleasure centers on the mouth. This stage lasts from birth to eighteen months. The anal stage says that the childs pleasure focuses on the anus. This stage lasts from eighteen months to three years old. The phallic stage says that the childs pleasure focuses on the genitals. This stage lasts from three to six years old.The lat ency stage says that the child represses sexual interest and focus on social skills. This stage lasts from six years old until puberty. The final stage is the genital stage and this is a time of sexual awakening for an individual. This stage lasts for the rest of their life. This theory was based on another theory based on troubled adults. Jane proves this theory because she is currently in the phallic stage and she is very curious about the anatomy of boys and girls. Erik Eriksons psychosocial theory stated that a child gained attitudes and skills by solving psychosocial issues in their own way. He believed that development did not end after adolescence but was a lifelong process. (Cherry,2010). Erikson expanded on Freuds theory and also had stages.His stages are rely vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. iniquity, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair. The fir st stage is trust vs. mistrust this stage is for the first year of life because infants are completely dependent on their caregivers. If the child trusts their caregiver they are less likely to have trust issues for the remainder of their life. However, if the caregiver is run-down the child will develop mistrust. The second stage is autonomy vs. shame and doubt, this stage is from one to three years old because during toddlerhood is when children have more of a personal control. Erikson believed that learning to control oneself can lead to a sense of independence.However, if this is not achieved it will cause shame and doubt. The third stage is initiative vs. guilt this stage is from three to five years old because this is the age where children start to assert their power. This can make children feel as if they can lead others. However, if the child fails they may begin to feel guilty. This is that stage that Jane is currently experiencing. When playing with other children she ma y try to direct the children into doing something the way she believes it should be done. Sometimes she is too aggressive and the other children do not respond to her. However when she gains respect and does not abuse her power the other children usually follow her.IV. Summary of FindingsThis case study investigated the development of a premature child in a classroom setting. During this observation I found no difference in the development of this child and the development of her peers. She displays the same methods of play as other children her age and she has the same social characteristics. Her social skills are still developing and I do not believe that she will ever have a problem developing friendships. Janes interaction with adults is also very normal. She responds very well to positive attention and praise from adults. She is not afraid to ask for help when needed. She understands authority figures and when asked to perform a task she usually complies with little hesitation . Jane is also on target with her development. She achieved all of her milestones on time and has exceeded everyones expectations. She knows the days of the week, the colors, the seasons, and is even beginning to read. She does not display any evidence of developmental delays.V. ConclusionEven though Jane was born with many obstacles, she was able to overcome every one of them. When she was born the doctor did not think she was going to make it to her first birthday. She did not give up. For five months in the hospital she fought to survive. Even when she survived the doctor believed that she was going to have developmental delays or physical disabilities. Today, she has neither. She is an enthusiastic, adventurous, bold, silly, eager and fun four year old.